At age 20, the Spartan citizen began his membership in one of the syssitia dining messes or clubs , which were composed of about 15 members each, and were compulsory.
Here each group learned how to bond and rely on one another. The Spartans were not eligible for election to public office until the age of Only native Spartans were considered full citizens, and were obliged to undergo military training as prescribed by law, as well as participate in, and contribute financially to, one of the syssitia.
Female Spartan citizens enjoyed status, power, and respect that was unequaled in the rest of the classical world. The higher status of females in Spartan society started at birth. Unlike in Athens, Spartan girls were fed the same food as their brothers.
Spartan women even competed in sports. Most important, rather than being married at the age of 12 or 13, Spartan law forbade the marriage of a girl until she was in her late teens or early 20s. The reasons for delaying marriage were to ensure the birth of healthy children, but the effect was to spare Spartan women the hazards and lasting health damage associated with pregnancy among adolescents. Spartan women, better fed from childhood and fit from exercise, stood a far better chance of reaching old age than their sisters in other Greek cities, where the median life expectancy was Unlike Athenian women, who wore heavy, concealing clothes and were rarely seen outside the house, Spartan women wore dresses peplos slit up the side to allow freer movement, and moved freely about the city, either walking or driving chariots.
Although Spartan society was highly regimented, militarily and socially, enslaved classes and women were afforded greater privileges relative to the populations of other Greek city-states.
The duties of the kings were religious, judicial, and military in nature. They were the chief priests of the state, and maintained contact with Delphi, the sanctuary that exercised great authority in Spartan politics. Over time, royal prerogatives were curtailed further until, aside from their service as military generals, the kings became mere figureheads. For example, from the time of the Greco Persian Wars, the kings lost the right to declare war and were shadowed in the field by two officials, known as ephors.
Civil and criminal cases were also decided by ephors, as well as a council of 28 elders over the age of 60, called the gerousia. The gerousia discussed high state policy decisions, then proposed action alternatives to the damos —a collective body of Spartan citizenry, who would then select one of the options by voting.
Unique in ancient Greece for its social system, Spartan society was completely focused on military training and excellence. Its inhabitants were classified as Spartiates Spartan citizens, who enjoyed full rights , Mothakes non-Spartan, free men raised as Spartans , Perioikoi free, but non-citizen inhabitants , and Helots state-owned serfs, part of the enslaved, non-Spartan, local population.
Structure of Spartan society: Spartan society was highly regimented, with a clearly delineated class system. Typically only men who were to become Spartiates underwent military training, although two exceptions existed to this rule.
For example, the Athenian general Xenophon sent his two sons to Sparta as trophimoi. Additionally, sons of a Helot could enroll as a syntrophos if a Spartiate formally adopted him and paid his way. If a syntrophos did exceptionally well in training, he could be sponsored to become a Spartiate.
Likewise, if a Spartan could not afford to pay the expenses associated with military training, they potentially could lose their right to citizenship.
Spartiates were actually a minority within Sparta, and Helots made up the largest class of inhabitants of the city-state.
The amazing works of art and architecture known as the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World serve as a testament to the ingenuity, imagination and sheer hard work of which human beings are capable. They are also, however, reminders of the human capacity for disagreement, By turns charismatic and ruthless, brilliant and power hungry, diplomatic and The two most powerful city-states in ancient Greece, Athens and Sparta, went to war with each other from to B.
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This Day In History. History Vault. The Spartan Military Unlike such Greek city-states as Athens, a center for the arts, learning and philosophy, Sparta was centered on a warrior culture. Recommended for you. How the Troubles Began in Northern Ireland. Peloponnesian War. History Lists: Ancient Empire Builders. Mummy Mania. Coroner's Report: Pompeii. They were allowed to take a wife, but they weren't allowed to live with her.
At age 30, they became full citizens of Sparta, provided they had served honorably. They were required to continue serving the military, however, until age Unlike their Athenian counterparts, Spartan girls also went to school at age seven. There they learned gymnastics, wrestling, and did calisthenics. These schools were similar in many ways to the schools Spartan boys attended, as it was the Spartan opinion that strong women produced strong babies, which would then grow into strong soldiers to serve the state.
Somewhat ironically, women in Sparta had much more independence than women in other city-states, partially because their husbands never lived at home, and partially because Spartans had tremendous respect for Spartan mothers. While no marvelous works of art or literature ever came of this system, it did accomplish the Spartan goal of producing elite soldiers.
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