The substance has a similar euphoric effect to ecstasy and is sold widely online. Earlier this year a coroner found that ivory wave may have been a "strong contributory factor" in the death of one user.
His body was discovered after he had been seen running with outstretched arms along a cliff. Post-mortem tests showed he died of a brain injury and he had small amounts of alcohol and ivory wave in his blood. The inquest heard he had become "bizarre and paranoid" in the days leading up to his death and doctors at a mental health unit had advised him not to take the substance.
Speaking after the coroner recorded an open verdict, Mr Bishton's mother said it was an "insult" to his memory that ivory wave had not been banned. The ACMD said that it had now reviewed scientific evidence on the effects of ivory wave and its related compounds.
I saw him acting madly. I've lost my son to this drug. It spins your brain. Similar steps were taken by online vendors of the drug mephedrone, who sold it as plant food.
St George's Hospital University, in London, analysed a product branded as Ivory Wave in , and found it to contain MDPV, a powerful stimulant, and lidocaine, a numbing agent, possibly included in the product to imitate the effects of cocaine.
However, without tests of the batch alleged to have been taken by Bishton, the true contents of the product currently sold as Ivory Wave remain unknown. MDPV was made illegal in the UK along with mephedrone and other chemicals which share the same basic structure. It is active at extremely low doses — as low as 5mg, as compared to around mg for other, similar stimulants — meaning users can inadvertently take huge overdoses, leading to psychosis and delusions.
Since the mephedrone ban in April, many online drug vendors or their suppliers have been repackaging and rebranding illegal drugs and selling them as new, legal products. A Hampshire police spokesman said that they were still investigating the death of Bishton, who lived in Ryde, Isle of Wight. Toxicology tests are being carried out to establish which substances played a part in his death.
It also emerged today that six people thought to have taken Ivory Wave were admitted to hospital in Cumbria last week. The hallucinations shortly disappeared and he was discharged home. Otherwise, he was physically fit and well. There was no personal or family history of psychosis. He was taking clomipramine mg and olanzapine In the present admission he was very agitated and restless.
He had non-goal-directed involuntary movements on both arms and feet: repetitive flexion of his elbows and dorsiflexion of his ankles. The physical examination showed that he was pyrexial with a temperature of The rest of examination was unremarkable with a normal electrocardiogram ECG.
Laboratory investigations revealed a raised white blood cell WBC count of Urine drug screen was negative to amphetamine, opiates, cannabinoids and cocaine. Initially the patient was admitted to a medical ward and commenced on normal saline with intravenous antibiotics co-amoxiclav because of the raised inflammatory markers.
The blood culture came back negative. However, the patient remained agitated, was running around the ward, and experiencing visual and auditory hallucinations.
He required PRN lorazepam and regular diazepam. On day five of admission the patient was deemed medically fit and discharged from the medical ward. However, he was still agitated and confused about what had happened.
Concerns were raised regarding his mental state, given his past psychiatric history and current problems. A Mental Health Act assessment was performed and the patient was admitted to a psychiatric unit under Section 2 of Mental Health Act on the same day. On admission to the unit the persecutory delusions and hallucinations were still present but to a mild degree.
The involuntary movements appeared more like muscle twitches, which occurred less frequently. He was observed on the ward and only PRN lorazepam was prescribed together with his regular medication. He then settled on the ward and did not require any further PRN medication.
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