When it comes to managing melasma, glycolic acid can be used to suppress the formation of melanin pigment in the skin. It does so by inhibiting the actions of tyrosinase, an enzyme that normally speeds up the complex process by which the pigment melanin is produced by certain types of skin cells. Slowing this process down results in less hyperpigmentation.
We know that chemical peels can, over time, improve the appearance of some acne scars. But can you get them done if you have active acne? However, if you have sensitive skin or a condition like psoriasis, rosacea, or eczema, is it essential to speak with a board-certified dermatologist prior to any chemical peels.
Glycolic acid tends to be more irritating than other chemical exfoliants, so you may need to choose a different acid or figure out a different treatment option.
Gershick says. But at higher concentrations, the acid makes its way deeper into the skin and possibly into the bloodstream. But the little research we do have suggests that, actually, the vast majority of the acid is absorbed by the skin—even in peels with high concentrations. Still, Dr. Garshick says these peels should generally be avoided while pregnant, just to be totally sure.
You can talk it over with your ob-gyn and your dermatologist to figure out what makes sense in your unique situation. There are three major types of glycolic acid peels, which differ based on both the concentration of the glycolic acid in the product being used and the amount of time that it stays on your skin, Debra Jaliman, M.
This will only peel the surface layer of the skin, which is helpful for mild hyperpigmentation. With that application, the acid can penetrate into the papillary dermis the uppermost layer of the dermis, which sits below the epidermis.
These peels can penetrate into the reticular dermis the lower level of the dermis, below the papillary dermis. Deep peels can do everything that medium-depth peels can, as well as even improve the appearance of acne scars. Deep peels also typically require downtime of up to two weeks.
This level of peel is usually reserved for treating deeper wrinkles or precancerous growths because it can come with serious side effects , including a risk for infection and scarring. However, keep in mind that the exact procedure and time of exposure will vary based on your particular skin goals.
And as always, your dermatologist will be able to provide you with all the information you need to decide which depth is right for you. Garshick says. During the first stage of the actual treatment, the technician will cleanse the skin.
Then the glycolic acid solution can be applied, being careful to protect your eyes and the corners of your nose and mouth. You may feel some mild tingling or stinging during the peel, which is completely normal and indicates that the acid is beginning to work. There are seven types of AHAs commonly used in products available throughout the skincare industry.
These include:. Research on the uses and efficacy of AHAs is extensive. However, out of all the AHAs available, glycolic and lactic acids are the most promising and well researched. These two AHAs are also less likely to cause irritation. AHAs are primarily used to exfoliate your skin. In fact, this is the foundation for all of the other benefits AHAs offer.
Exfoliation refers to a process where the skin cells on the surface shed off. This helps remove dead skin cells but also makes way for new skin cell generation. As you age, your natural skin cell cycle slows down, which can make dead skin cells build up.
When you have too many dead skin cells, they can accumulate and make your complexion look dull. Still, not all AHAs have the same exfoliating power. The amount of exfoliation is determined by the type of AHA you use. As a rule of thumb, the more AHAs contained in a product, the more powerful the exfoliating effects. This peel contains glycolic acid and may be used up to two times per week for best results.
When these acids exfoliate your skin, dead skin cells are broken down. The new skin revealed beneath is brighter and more radiant. AHAs with glycolic acid can help break down skin cell accumulation, while products with citric acid can brighten your skin even further.
It contains citric acid and aloe vera gel for both brightness and soothing effects. Collagen is a protein-rich fiber that helps keep your skin plump and smooth. As you age, these fibers break down.
Sun damage may also accelerate collagen destruction. This can result in sallow, sagging skin. Collagen itself is in the middle layer of your skin dermis. When the upper layer epidermis is removed, products such as AHAs can go to work on the dermis. AHAs may help promote collagen production by destroying old collagen fibers to make way for new ones. AHAs are known for their anti-aging effects, and surface lines are no exception.
One study reported that 9 out of 10 volunteers who used AHAs over a three-week period experienced significant improvements in overall skin texture. Professional fillers from a doctor, as well as other procedures such as laser resurfacing, are the only methods that work for deep wrinkles.
Try this daily glycolic acid serum by Alpha Skin Care to reduce the look of surface lines and wrinkles. AHAs have anti-inflammatory properties that can help promote blood flow to the skin. This can help correct pale, dull complexions. Proper blood flow also ensures that skin cells get the necessary nutrients needed via oxygen-rich red blood cells. To improve dull skin and related lack of oxygen, try out this daily serum from First Aid Beauty.
Your risk for skin discoloration increases with age. For example, flat brown spots, known as age spots lentigines , may develop as a result of sun exposure. They tend to develop on areas of the body that are exposed to the sun most often, such as your chest, hands, and face.
AHAs promote skin cell turnover. New skin cells are evenly pigmented. I dripped on the product and rubbed it in, looking increasingly insane. I finished with an abundant amount of my favorite thick, soothing moisturizer from Klairs. I used the mask twice a week, avoiding any other exoliating products throughout the week, and significantly lowered my normal retinol usage. I typically use this one from The Ordinary. I am extremely not sponsored; I just love the brand. The glowing effect was immediate.
My skin looked refreshed and brighter when I washed off the mask, and the healthy, lit-up look lasted overnight and into the next few days. Over several uses, I noticed that some of the acne scarring on my face had lightened noticeably. For this result, I would have happily put any amount of real blood on my face. However, a small word of warning: When I used the product the fourth time, I noticed that I had a small but noticeable red patch on my face that I had never seen before—not a scratch, not a breakout, just an angry, immovable red patch.
Hence all my caveats about using this potent formula wisely. Learn from my mistake. If you, like me, are a queen of ignoring recommendations to patch-test new products, make an exception for this one. Use it only once a week to start. Play around with keeping it on for five minutes or seven minutes, especially if your skin gets red easily.
Also, you can concentrate it on the areas of your skin that only need it most.
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