Heat — The group of swimmers who swim a race at the same time. Several heats may be held in a particular event. Heat sheets — Printed listings of all swimmers by event number and entry time. Lane placement from fastest to eighth-fastest time: 4,5,3,6,2,7,1,8. This is due to the fact that from lanes , you have the greatest visibility of swimmers in the other lanes.
One race, called the individual medley, involves swimming all four strokes in a particular order — butterfly, backstroke, breaststroke and freestyle. Individual medley, or IM, races can be from yards to meters. Swimming is an overhead sport and the human body is not made to handle a lot of overhead activities. Swimming too much can lead to overuse injuries.
The main ones are shoulders pain and occasionally knee pain. These muscles not being equal can lead to bad swimming form which will then lead to shoulder pain. Swimmers who compete in the IM are commonly seen as the most well-rounded, because in order to swim this race, you need to be proficient in each of the four strokes as well as the many turns.
The IM combines technique, endurance, and race strategy to possibly be the most difficult race in swimming. You can definitely sweat while swimming.
Sweating is a biological function used by the body to cool itself down. That means, during high-intensity workouts, the body will break a sweat to cool down, even in the water. However, swimmers are less likely to notice the sweat because the water washes it off immediately. Warming up properly before you stretch or swing a club is pretty easy. You can do something as simple as making a few slow-motion golf swings, taking a brisk walk, or doing a few squats and lunges — anything that gets your heart rate up and your body moving through a complete range of motion.
Great warm-up stretches loosen up the muscles and get the blood flowing throughout the body. These swimmer-specific stretches work those hard-to-reach muscles that are key to great swimming. Each stretch is designed to increase flexibility and mobility in your shoulders, hips, chest and legs. Gently swim or briskly walk for five minutes before stretching. For maximum weight loss, swimming on an empty stomach is ideal. Increase your cardio swimming Swimming cardio is one of the most effective ways to lose weight including your belly fat.
Paine means to deflect challenges of bias or extremism by inviting readers to give him a hearing. While Paine promises a fair appraisal, look how he describes the two options in the last sentence. It was an irrevocable decision with unknown consequences.
Are we adults or children? To examine that connection and dependence, on the principles of nature and common sense, to see what we have to trust to [expect] if separated, and what we are to expect if dependent. Here Paine rebuts the first argument for reconciliation—that America has thrived as a British colony and would fail on her own. How does he dismiss this argument?
He slams it down hard. So much for calm and reasoned debate. But Paine is not having a temper tantrum in print. His technique was to argue with ideas while convincing with emotion.
Paine follows his utter rejection of the argument with an analogy. Paine goes one step further in the last sentence. Nothing can be more fallacious than this kind of argument. We may as well assert that because a child has thrived upon milk, that it is never to have meat, or that the first twenty years of our lives is to become a precedent for the next twenty.
But even this is admitting more than is true; for I answer roundly that America would have flourished as much, and probably much more, had no European power had anything to do with her. In other words, use common sense. He poses two challenges to the supporters of reconciliation. If they can honestly answer each challenge, he asserts, and still support reconciliation, then they are selfish cowards bringing ruin to America.
Paraphrase the first challenge sentences 2—5. Paraphrase the second challenge sentences 6— And if you have, yet still support reconciliation, then you have abandoned your conscience. With what phrase does Paine condemn those who would still hope for reconciliation even if they were victims of British violence?
There is no nuance in this condemnation, and thus no way for the reader to avoid its implications. The reader is off the hook.
At this point, Paine pleads with his readers to write the constitution for their independent nation without delay. What danger do they risk, he warns, if they leave this crucial task to a later day? A colonial leader could grasp dictatorial power by taking advantage of the postwar disorder likely to result if the colonies have no constitution ready to implement. Even if Britain tried to regain control of the colonies, it could be too late to wrest control back from a powerful dictator.
What historical evidence does Paine offer to illustrate the danger? The Spanish ruler granted a few rights, but Masaniello was soon murdered, ending the uprising and its short-lived gains for the people. With this compelling allusion which most readers would instantly recognize , Paine warns that opposing independence is as calamitous a decision for Americans as killing Jesus was for his executioners and for mankind.
What must the lovers of mankind achieve in order to save mankind? Six months later Thomas Jefferson asserted the same right in the opening of the Declaration of Independence. This Enlightenment ideal anchored revolutionary initiatives in America and Europe for decades. O ye that love mankind!
Ye that dare oppose not only the tyranny but the tyrant, stand forth! Every spot of the old world is overrun with oppression. Freedom hath been hunted round the globe. Asia and Africa have long expelled her. Benjamin Franklin, letter to Silas Deane, 27 August Full text in Founders Online National Archives. Elbridge Gerry, letter to James Warren, 26 March Massachusetts Historical Society. Robert A.
Series, July , Landon Carter, diary entry, 20 February , recounting content of letter written that day to George Washington. Full entry in Founders Online National Archives. National Humanities Center 7 T. Alexander Drive, P. Phone: Fax: nationalhumanitiescenter. Text Complexity Grades complexity band. Advanced Placement US History 3.
In the following pages I offer nothing more than simple facts, plain arguments, and common sense: and have no other preliminaries to settle with the reader than that he will divest [rid] himself of prejudice and prepossession, and suffer [permit] his reason and his feelings to determine for themselves: that he will put on, or rather that he will not put off, the true character of a man, and generously enlarge his views beyond the present day.
This paragraph begins with one of the most famous hyperboles in American writing. A hyperbole is an overstatement or exaggeration to emphasize a point. What are the two examples of hyperbole in this paragraph? Paine includes multiple repetitions in this paragraph. What word repetition do you find? With this paragraph, Paine begins his argument against reconciliation and does not want to insult or alienate his readers at the outset.
As much hath been said of the advantages of reconciliation, which, like an agreeable dream, hath passed away and left us as we were, it is but right that we should examine the contrary [opposing] side of the argument and inquire into some of the many material injuries which these colonies sustain, and always will sustain, by being connected with and dependent on Great Britain.
It is argued that Britain has protected the colonies, but Paine points out that Britain protected the colonies for its own financial gain, not out of altruism.
Additionally if the colonies had not been dependent on Britain, then they would no longer be enemies with countries that are enemies of Britain. Therefore, Paine argues, the very condition of being Britain's colony is what brought about the need for protection in the first place.
Paine also argues that the fact that many Americans are of British descent is irrelevant, as Britain, being an enemy, has no legitimate claim to American allegiance. Reconciliation is not the duty of the colonies. If it were, Paine says, than Britain, half of whose people are of French descent, ought to submit itself to the rule of the French. Paine contends that America will gain nothing by remaining attached to Britain, and that the financial burdens America's present relations with the British impose on some citizens is monumental.
Bostonians, for example, are constantly threatened with the theft of their property by British soldiers. Paine also argues that reconciliation with the British will only cause the present situation to repeat itself. Paine says that it will be impossible to return to a state of peace and normalcy under British rule after the battles and financial oppression that have occurred.
It is misguided to think that the British will not again impose an oppressive tax.
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